A secondary source analyzes, interprets, or makes an argument about the past. It's a step removed from firsthand evidence.
Think of it this way: if a soldier's diary from a war is a primary source, a historian's book written later about the soldiers' experiences is a secondary source. These sources aren't just summaries; they present a specific argument or viewpoint.
You can usually identify a secondary source by looking for these key features:
Author: The author is an expert (like a professor) writing with the benefit of hindsight, not an eyewitness.
Argument: The introduction presents a main argument or thesis statement about the topic.
Citations: It has a bibliography, footnotes, or a works cited list. This shows the author's research and is a major clue.
Publisher: It's often published by a university press or in a peer-reviewed academic journal.
In history, you're expected to make your own argument, not just report facts. Secondary sources are essential tools that help you:
Gain context and background information on your topic.
Understand the "scholarly conversation" (what other experts have said).
Find models for how to use evidence to build your own argument.
Use Discovery Search: The main library search bar is the best place to find books, e-books, and documentaries. Start with broad keyword searches (e.g., "American Civil War medicine") and then narrow them down.
Search Academic Databases: For journal articles, use the library's databases. Some key databases for history include JSTOR. These platforms are specifically designed for finding scholarly research.
Mine Bibliographies: Once you find one good book or article on your topic, check its bibliography or footnotes. This is a treasure map that will lead you directly to other relevant sources that the expert author found useful. This is one of the most effective research strategies.
